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Oxy-fuel welding (commonly called oxyacetylene welding, oxy welding, or gas welding in the U.S.) and oxy-fuel cutting are processes that use fuel gases and oxygen to weld and cut metals, respectively. French engineers Edmond Fouché and Charles Picard became the first to develop oxygen-acetylene welding in 1903.〔Carlisle, Rodney (2004). ''Scientific American Inventions and Discoveries'', p.365. John Wright & Songs, Inc., New Jersey. ISBN 0-471-24410-4.〕 Pure oxygen, instead of air, is used to increase the flame temperature to allow localized melting of the workpiece material (e.g. steel) in a room environment. A common propane/air flame burns at about , a propane/oxygen flame burns at about , and an acetylene/oxygen flame burns at about . Oxy-fuel is one of the oldest welding processes, besides forge welding. Still used in industry, in recent decades it has been less widely utilized in industrial applications as other specifically devised technologies have been adopted. It is still widely used for welding pipes and tubes, as well as repair work. It is also frequently well-suited, and favored, for fabricating some types of metal-based artwork. As well, oxy-fuel has an advantage over electric welding and cutting processes in situations where accessing electricity (e.g., via an extension cord or portable generator) would present difficulties; it is more self-contained, and, hence, often more portable. In oxy-fuel welding, a welding torch is used to weld metals. Welding metal results when two pieces are heated to a temperature that produces a shared pool of molten metal. The molten pool is generally supplied with additional metal called filler. Filler material depends upon the metals to be welded. In oxy-fuel cutting, a torch is used to heat metal to its kindling temperature. A stream of oxygen is then trained on the metal, burning it into a metal oxide that flows out of the kerf as slag.〔The Oxy-Acetylene Handbook, Union Carbide Corp 1975〕 Torches that do not mix fuel with oxygen (combining, instead, atmospheric air) are not considered oxy-fuel torches and can typically be identified by a single tank (oxy-fuel cutting requires two isolated supplies, fuel and oxygen). Most metals cannot be melted with a single-tank torch. As such, single-tank torches are typically used only for soldering and brazing, rather than welding. ==Uses== Oxy-gas torches are or have been used for: *Welding metal: see below. *Cutting metal: see below. *Depositing metal to build up a surface, as in hardfacing. *Also, oxy-hydrogen flames are used: * *in stone working for "flaming" where the stone is heated and a top layer crackles and breaks. A steel circular brush is attached to an angle grinder and used to remove the first layer leaving behind a bumpy surface similar to hammered bronze. * *in the glass industry for "fire polishing". * *in jewelry production for "water welding" using a water torch (an oxyhydrogen torch whose gas supply is generated immediately by electrolysis of water). * *in automotive repair, removing a seized bolt. * *formerly, to heat lumps of quicklime to obtain a bright white light called limelight, in theatres or optical ("magic") lanterns. * *formerly, in platinum works, as platinum is fusible only in the oxyhydrogen flame and in an electric furnace. In short, oxy-fuel equipment is quite versatile, not only because it is preferred for some sorts of iron or steel welding but also because it lends itself to brazing, braze-welding, metal heating (for annealing or tempering, bending or forming), rust or scale removal, the loosening of corroded nuts and bolts, and is a ubiquitous means of cutting ferrous metals. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Oxy-fuel welding and cutting」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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